REVIEW

Social function: To critique an art work or event for a public audience.
Generic structure:

1. Orientation ( background information on the text)
2. Evaluation ( concluding statement : judgment, opinion, or recommendation. It can consist of more than one.
3. Interpretative Recount ( summary of an art works including characters and plot).
4. Evaluative summation: the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art works being criticized.

Language features:

• Focus on specific participants
• Use of adjectives
• Use of long and complex clauses
• Use of metaphor

Reviews are used to summarize, analyze and respond to art works. They may include: movie, TV shows, books, plays, concerts, etc.

DISCUSSION

Social function: To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue (“for” points “against” points)
Generic structure:

1. Opening statement presenting the issue
2. Arguments or evidence for different points of view ( pros and cons)
3. Concluding recommendation.

Language features:

• Use of general nouns: alcohol, abortion, smoking, etc.
• Use of relating verbs: is, are, etc.
• Use of thinking verbs: think, feel, hope believe, etc.
• Use of additive connectives: addition, furthermore, besides, etc.
• Use of contrastive connectives: although, even, if, nevertheless, etc.
• Use of causal connectives: because, because of, etc.
• Use of modal auxiliary: must, should, etc.
• Use of adverbial manner: hopefully.

EXPLANATION

Social function: To explain the process involved in the formation or working of natural or socio cultural phenomena.
Generic structure:

1. A general statement to position the reader
2. A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs.
3. Closing

Language features:

• Focus on generic, non-human participants.
• Use mainly of general and abstract nouns, action verbs, simpleü present tense, passive voice, conjunction of time and cause, noun phrases, complex sentences, and technical language.

HORTATORY EXPOSITION

Social function: To persuade the readers or the listeners that something should or should not be the case.
Generic structure:

1. Thesis ( stating an issue of concern)
2. Arguments ( giving reasons for concern, leading recommendation)
3. Recommendation (stating what ought or ought not to happen)

Language features:

• Emotive words: alarmed, worried
• Words that qualify statements: usual probably
• Words that link arguments: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
• Usually present tense
• Compound and complex sentences
• Modal auxiliary: can, may, should, must

SPOOF

Social function: To tell an event with a humorous twist.
Generic structure:

1.  Orientation (who were involved, when and where was happened)
2.  Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order)
3.  Twist (provide the funniest part of the story)

Language features:

• Use of connectives (first, then, finally)
• Use of adverbial phrases of time and place (in the garden, two days ago)
• Use of simple past tense (he walked away from the village)

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Social function: To persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case, to analyze or to explain.
Generic Structure:

1. Thesis (usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and indicates the writer’s position.)
2. Arguments (consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of points may vary, but each must be supported by discussion and evidence).
3. Reiteration (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments presented).

Language features:

• Emotive words such as : alarmed, worried.
• Words that qualify statements such as: usual probably
• Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore.
• Usually present tense
• Compound and complex sentences